Is there is any differences between UK Accounting Ethics Standards and Essay

Is there is any differences amid UK Accounting ethics Standards and US Accounting Ethics Standards - Essay ExampleTo the extent that the ASCs pronouncements, known as Statements of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs), have not been replaced by FRSs, they remain in force. The ASB has a formal exposure process for proposed standards. Early concepts are issued as Discussion Papers. These are released to the public and comments invited. Where a new standard is to be proposed, a Financial report Exposure Draft (FRED) is released for comment. The standard in final form is only issued when comments have been incorporated or addressed. This aims to address the criticisms levelled at the ASC, whose comment process was less rigorous. Issues that require an immediate solution are considered by the Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF). The UITF comprises a number of senior figures from industry and accounting firms. It meets as essential to consider pressing issues and issues Abstracts which beco me binding immediately. The principal legislation governing reporting in the UK is pose down in the Companies identification number 1985 (as amended by the Companies Act 1989 and subsequent statutory instruments), which incorporates the requirements of European law. The Companies Act sets out certain minimum reporting requirements for companies and, for example, requires limited companies to file their accounts with the Registrar of Companies who makes them available to the general public. From 2005, this modelling changed as a result of European law requiring that all listed European companies report under(a) planetary Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). In the UK, companies which are not listed have the option to report either under IFRSs or under UK GAAP2. Recently issued UK FRSs have, in any case replicated the wording of corresponding IFRSs, reducing the differences between the two sets of standards significantly.Each of the current UK accounting standards are explained below

Male youth suicide in the UK and its emergence as a social problemin Dissertation

Male youth suicide in the UK and its emergence as a brotherly problemin the mid-nineties in related to press - Dissertation ExampleThe effects of the portrayal of male suicide in the prominent UK publications, The Times and The Guardian, will be presented, detailing how media coverage of this subject has affected the suicide judge of male youth in order to set up the research question that will be examined in more detail in the M2 project. I have chosen The Times and The Guardian as the two referential publications for my research because they atomic number 18 both quality publications that have already gone by means of the process of tabloidization and newly can be relied on to provide accurate, quality information. The public believes they treat current affairs fairly seriously, so, they atomic number 18 important in forming views and peoples opinions. 2 Suicide Defined Establishing a wide definition for what qualifies as suicide is quite difficult, since the most common def initions of the word and the technical definition use by the Coroners office in England and Wales diverge. The most common definitions of suicide are evince in the following context a. The act of deliberately taking ones own life (Frankish and Jeffereys). b. ... officially published suicide figures are collected from coronial investigations that take place in cases of unexpected or sudden deaths, and entangle post-mortem reports, psychiatric records of the victim, and the social history as denoted by the friends and family, and suicide letters, if any (Sainsbury & Jenkins, 1982). A coronial verdict leaves a large scope for various probability factors, the like suicidal behavioural tendencies noticed previously, records of psychiatric problems, associated social events that may have lead the victim to commit suicide, or a suicide note. There are also certain amounts of variations in the certification procedures, as the suicide certification in the UK is based on the coroners verd icts that are founded on public inquests while in Germany, suicide cases are certified only by the general practitioners (Cantor, 2000). Often the problems in delineating suicides like drug overdoses, motor crashes where there was only one rider (Phillips, 1977), or death by drowning (ODonnell & Farmer, 1995), makes it difficult for the investigators to arrive at a conclusion (Cantor, 2000). These aforementioned types of deaths are very often termed as accidental (see Figure 2), and owing to lack of any strong evidences, like a suicide letter, the deaths cannot be termed as presumably suicide (however there are differences based on the coroners choice). Thus, we find that, due to lack of evidences, suicides may be registered as accidental deaths from unknown causes, unlike deaths by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation that are seen as conclusive evidence of suicide (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Deaths from Suicides and Undetermined Injury in England in 2008 (Gunnell, 6). Here the vari ations in the processes adopted for suicide

Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Drama - Essay ExampleIshmael Reed underlines a unique way of depicting feminine social issues whereby the feminine gender is the one who empowers the man eyepatch being undermined by the men in their lives. This study is looking to prove that the men did create majority of the marital problems experienced by their feminine counterparts as a result of taking them and their values for granted.The average of a muliebrity in the society was that her job was to be a wife, mother, proper housekeeper, and supportive to her husband. She was to outride by his decisions and always follow his lead. However in the 1950s, the society was greatly awakened to women seeking careers similar to those that men could do and thus changed the social perspective of a womans role in society. In the extend written by Reed the C above C above high C, the two main women who are undermined are Maime Eisenhower and Lil Armstrong. Both of them have undergone the rejection severed by their husbands choices of break up and illicit affairs that vilipend their marital status, as well as their value in their husbands lives.Lil Armstrong is a highly educated woman with a career in the jazz music industry, and she apparently came from a home that was comfortable and slopped enough to afford her a good life. Even though her career was pursued against her mothers wishes, she did meet Louis Armstrong, who had barely scrapped the dust of his jazz music talent. Lil used her gifted and well-developed skills to help channel his naive gift and use it to become the famous jazz musician he became later on in his career. Louis came from a very dysfunctional background as expressed by Lil in her conversation with Maime Eisenhower at the Shoreham hotel.The part where Lil is undermined in her marriage is when Louis takes off to pursue his career without a second glimpse of how the divorce between him and Lil did affect her. Even though they were never on the same path career-wise it would have been more sufficient

Whatever matches the essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whatever matches the - Essay ExampleThe fundamental root of morality and moral philosophy in the society is the teachings of religion. While different religions may have different stakes on suicide, it is forbid in around of the religions particularly the Abrahamic religions including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The well-disposed structure of most nations, their norms and values, trends and traditions can be traced back to the usual religion of a vast majority of people making up those nations. Something like suicide that is discordant with the teachings of religion is goodly questionable.Suicide is hysteria and all forms of violence are ethically significant issues. wish in every act of offensive activity, there is an offender and a victim in suicide. What makes this form of crime unique is that both the offender and the victim is the same person. This complicates suicide as a form of violence because the involvement of the will of the victim in being victimized serve s as a hindrance for others to nose even if they want to. Others are essentially caught in a dilemma. On one hand, they feel answerable not for stopping the person committing suicide because they probably could if they used force. On the other hand, they feel creditworthy for stopping the person committing the suicide and thus making that person take more tension and distress.The set up of suicide are not limited to the person who commits it, but extend beyond him/her to affect the family and friends and most other people who learn about the unfortunate event. In many cases, family members take extreme locomote in emotional distress and also commit the suicide in an attempt to end the agony. Since a suicide has bad psychological effects on the friends and family in particular and the society in general, its ethical significance is not questionable.To conclude, suicide is undoubtedly an ethically significant issue on the grounds of religion, violence, and social effects. Suicide is a

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Poetry - essay ExampleFour stanzas characterize The Road Not Taken, each having five lines. The scheme of the rhyme in the poem is ABAAB. This means that the rhymes are masculine and strict, meaning that the speaker is in a dilemma to consume a path that is rarely used by people.The poem the road not taken has composeized widespread recognition base on which it reflects dilemma when an individual has to make a choice in life. Based on the simple words used in The Road Not Taken the author employs (I shall be telling this with a sigh / I took the one less travelled by), scholars stipulate that the poem is easy to memorize without the reader really understanding it. In the case of the poem, the graphic symbol stipulates the passing here/ Had won them really about the same. Ideally, the two roads that morning/ In leaves no step had trodden black. This means that in the case of the two roads, one of them is less travelled. As such, it is inappropriate to thin the after-effects prev alent based on the way in which they are portrayed in the poem, since the persona is unsealed on the path in which he should follow. In this case, the speaker stipulates that I took the less travelled by / And that has made all the difference.The major attraction evident in the poem is the archetypal dilemma, meaning that the narrator cannot make the right decision on the path to follow. The reader encounters it both figuratively and literally numerous times and in an instantaneous manner. The paths present in the folks and woods reflect deep-rooted and antediluvian metaphors for a lifeline. In this case, the persona stipulates that The roads diverged in a yellow road / To where it bent in the undergrowth. They reflect crisis and decisions that one has to make in life. The similar folks are a symbol for helping and free will. People are free to choose anything, but they are unaware of what lays ahead based on the choice they make. The speaker states, hen took the other, as

Compare the royal dictatorships of two balkan countries in the 1930s Essay

Compare the royal dictatorships of two balkan countries in the 1930s - Essay ExampleBojinovic views that epoch Balkan region had always been absorbed in its internal politics, it did not prove itself as cooperative towards the out world. Economically and culturally, Bojinovic submits, the Balkan states until the 20th Century were not intensely cooperating with the rest of Europe only the mentioned coastal move were connected with the West. As exposed above, the economic and socio-cultural element resulted in a perception of Balkans as new(prenominal) Europevery different, even strange. (Todorova 2001 p 25 quoted in Bojinovic, 2004 p 5)The present paper aims to coiffe a comparative analysis of the nature of the political developments introduced and adopted by the two Balkan states, i.e. Bulgaria and Greece, during 1930s, for both these countries experient monarchical dictatorship in their political systems during that era. Like other Balkan states, Bulgaria also witnessed grave financial crisis during 1920s, which lasted in 1930s too to a great extent. Bulgaria might have escaped the usual turmoil, thanks to its inactive peasant economy and the absence of large ethnic minorities. However, two elements led to crises and authoritarianism rural-urban tensions and terrorism among Macedonian refugees. (Retrieved from staff.lib.msu.edu) The main reason behind the financial turmoil was political uncertainty and dictatorial regime of Boris III, which hurtle the future and growth of the country at stake in order to prolong his personal rule.Similarly, some other Balkan state i.e. Greece underwent similar characteristics. Greece is regarded as one of the most primitive civilizations of the world, which had been source of wisdom, knowledge and inspiration for centuries. In modern times, she had to undergo continuous threat from the neighbouring countries, particularly from the Ottoman Empire. Situated at

Hotel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hotel Management - stress ExampleAs such, the organization does not have to deal with feed problems that may arise the problems sens be solved by the company providing run. The new(prenominal) reason why the outsourcing food service has pop off a common phenomenon is because an organization can have expertise at providing food services darn the other can be an expert at the management of cafeteria. Food services have too live the commonly outsourced function because back up support is provided for the program, as well as the food service team. For example, the company contracted to outsource can provide extra services at no extra cost this includes expertise for a special function that an organization needs.Organizations in the hotel industry overly outsource food services because the company contracted to provide such services provides high timber food at an affordable price. Food service outsourcing has also become common since the manufacturer guarantees intersection of nutritionally safe food, high quality products, and food of a high standard. Cost savings and advertize efficiency, which comes with outsourcing food services, can be regarded as another reason why the outsourcing of food services has become common. The other reason for outsourcing food services is that it ceases for price flexibility. Food services are also outsourced since they allow for increased information for nutrition, especially with regard to menu offerings.There are several advantages of outsourcing food services, which shine to the management contractor. First, contract manufacturing of food services allows clients to have access to up-to-date processes and infrastructures involved in manufacturing. The other advantage is that it helps the management contractor in the management of day-to-day schedules, packaging, production, and management of labor services. The outsourcing of food services also gives the management contractor an opportunity to diversify, as well as evaluate

Class race gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Class race sexual urge - Essay ExampleIn this book, Wilson is applying an exciting new reasoned framework to three politically make full favorable problems. Wilson makes it very clear that the causes of poverty are structural in nature. He argues that structural forces, which he defines as the behavior shared by people who are in the same circumstances. He discusses that the slow community unemployment, poverty, and teenage mothers are cultural because they follow from the individuals perception of how the society looks. In other words, the black communities grow up with a mentality that whatever they are going with is the way of life (Martinez 59). Wilson states that structural causes should be given more weight. There seems to be a fundamental message in the book that claims that the poor blacks are not responsible nor can they take a shit anything that is structural until the barriers are removed either by the governing or by the racial discriminators themselves (Martinez 45 ).Wilson in any case feels that the social scientist are wasting time studying the structural causes rather than proposing methods that can be utilise to remove these barriers. The removal of these structural barriers will free the black community from racism bondage same(p) illiteracy, employment, and social class. Therefore, Wilson emphasizes on change, no matter how long it might take. Further, he believes that this change ought to happen because it is the wholly barrier hindering the black community from prosperity. This change can begin by implementing neutral social policies and that those in power should address domestic poverty and establish vocational training and offer jobs for the blacks in ghetto. This will reduce unemployment and improve the class of the black community (Chin 87). However, Wilsons mind was changed by Barack Obamas notable campaign speech on race, and how blacks and whites hailed at the speech. Wilson believes that Obama will eventually address raci sm and bring the States to

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final project - Essay ExampleGlobalization requires varied expansion strategies like diversification, bifurcation, mergers, encyclopedism and so onto gain competitive advantage over its competitors. The study will highlight the various factors that affect globalisation and its effect on global economy. Factors like how globalization serves purposeful at organizational, reorganizational and consolidation of financial markets. The integration occurs at varied levels especially at industrial and financial markets. The indite of the study will in any case highlight the various important components of globalization that binds the companies together for a unified purpose. The techniques of research methodology and the findings and synopsis of the research methodology would be also included in the study. Finally, the study will conclude with testimonial that can improve the current situation that affects globalization. Background & Rationale for choosing the topic Globalization not and affects and benefits the national economy but also has positive effects on the regional development of the economy. by from economic integration free trade conditions (Wagner, 2002). Globalization compels the business organization to adapt to changing market dynamics based on ideological trends that help in the balance of the professional and personal goals of the employees of the organization. mingled other factors like unemployment, parallel economic suppuration, cutting of costs, etc will be considered an important aspect of globalization are some of the major factors which have been considered while choosing the topic. Modernization and growing economy is also a significant contributor to development of the organization. The principal cause of the effects of globalization is that it helps in the modernization and growth of the economy, which is instrumental for understanding its impact on the business activities. This is one of the basic and rationale for choosing the topic for the author of the study, which helps in understanding the effects and outcome of the globalization. Apart from the above mentioned components factors like deregulation also helps in liberalization of the capital account and also integration of wide range of financial services. Section 2 Literature Review Effects of Globalization Globalization has been regarded as a crucial component from the economic, monetary, socio economic aspects and implications of globalization (Rosnan, Ismail and Daud, 2010). In economics, globalization has played an important role for the development of the economy and has changed the scenario of the world economy. unalike types of industries have benefitted importantly from globalization especially the creative industries, which have earned an estimated amount of $60 meg annually over the past few years. The increasing globalization has also impacted the creative, film, car manufacturing and pharmaceutic industries to a large extent for expandin g on a larger scale. The globalization of the film industry has make it significant contributor to the world economy. Apart from strategy aspects monetary and exchange policy also helps in emphasis of the maintenance of the economic contention like trade off, credibility, increase in uncertainty etc. This also helps in increased competition among the organizational members. Globalization helps in shaping the social policy and the policy making procedure for the welfare of the organizati

How Effectively does Hourani use Ibn Khaldun Essay

How Effectively does Hourani use Ibn Khaldun - Essay ExampleAbd al-Rahm Ibn Khaldun belonged to a migrating family which has traveled from southern Arabia from Spain later the Arabs had conquered it. One good deal non diminish the fact that Ibn Khaldun was bought with very traditional values that revolved around the Quran and the Sunnah. The intelligence service of God as revealed in the Arabic language influenced ibn Khalduns personality to implement the shariah that he acquired from birth. Ibn Khaldun was an Arab historian that dramatically shaped the history that is written in more books. With that being said, Ibn Khaldun was enforced in effect to discuss many aspects that dominated society in his time period. The first reason that Hourani utilizes Ibn Khaldun is his ability to utilize Islamic knowledge and draw connections that are parallel in real life-time. One of the prime examples of this can be seen about the concept of free pull up stakes and pre-destination. Ibn Khald un utilizes his mastery skills to analyze and ponder on this fact that left field the Muslims in a state of awe. Since the dawn of mankind, theologians have questioned where humans are given free will or have been predestined. This question has puzzled some of the most scholars known throughout the history. What is more thought-provoking is the fact that even religions under the Abrahamic tradition have different viewpoints regarding this issue. While the Christian doctrine states that any humans have sinned, Islam has taken a different approach regarding this sensitive issue. Undoubtedly, life is full of challenges, surprises, and whole kit in mysterious ways. One can non ignore the fact that certain circumstance that occur in life that one cannot control. Hence, the issue of fate and freewill become vital aspects in this discussion. voluntary is a important theory that insists on unlimited experience of choice. Free will is a doctrine that refutes the idea of pre-destination . Freewill is a choice that individual possess that yields an outcome which is unknown. The concept itself is very unique in a sense that it does take into account of external factors. Ibn Khalud takes a very logical approach towards this issue as he breaks the issue into two components, which consist of predestination and fate. He insists that human beings have never seen the previous(prenominal) and can only anticipate the future, based on the natural law. Moreover, he insists in his works that it is not incumbent upon God to do the best for humans however, this does not mean that God will not in fact do the best of his own free will. Hence, Hourani utilizes the mastery of knowledge of Ibn Khalud to dissolve the confusion of this theory. The second reason Hourani utilizes Ibn Khalud to discuss the strength of the Islamic nation in midst of a baste to appoint the caliphood. Hourani appreciates Ibn Khaluds take on life, his work, and his relentless against trials and tribulations. Ibn Khaluds attitude to remain calm during a time where the plague destroyed a city is the embodiment of leaderships that he possessed. This could be brilliantly illustrated as Hourani states, Ibns world was full of reminders of the frailty of the human endeavor (Hourani, 4). Hourani also discusses the development of the Makkan Empire and discusses the policy-making reform that Muhammad conducted with the assistance of Ibn Khalud. One must acknowledge the fact that Muhammad entered the era

The Music of Bollywood Films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Music of Bollywood Films - fitting ExampleRoopas father happily agrees as he discover alongs they both love each new(prenominal) and all he pile ask for is the happiness of his daughter. After getting married, Rajeev gets to spang about the domain of Roopa and he thinks that she is not the girl he fell in love with and this is all a invent to cheat him. Disappointed and frustrated, he kicks Roopa out of his house while Roopa pleads and begs him to believe that she is the same girl he fell in love with and she did not cheat. Desperate for her love, Roopa decides to meet her husband daily in the iniquity with her face covered. Rajeev with this supposedly different girl falls in love and they start to meet every night. One day Roopa realizes that she is pregnant. Having got to know about this, Rajeev suspects her again of cheating as he does not know that Roopa and that girl ar the same person. Then one day, due to heavy rain, the dam breaks out and everything gets wash a way in the rain. Then Rajeev realizes how wrong he has been and saves her wife Roopa from the flood and gets her back to his home. There ar many archetypes and stereotypes displayed in the movie. For example, how could two people fall in love with each other without tied(p) seeing the faces of each other. Also, woman here is again shown as a weak link of the ball club and men are portrayed to be the stronger half. Men can treat women the way they want to and women assimilate no right to complain whereas in todays high society, women are given equal rights as compared to men.... One day Roopa realizes that she is pregnant. Having got to know about this, Rajeev suspects her again of cheating as he does not know that Roopa and that girl are the same person. Then one day, due to heavy rain, the dam breaks out and everything gets process away in the rain. Then Rajeev realizes how wrong he has been and saves her wife Roopa from the flood and gets her back to his home. Archetypes/Ste reotypes/Symbols There are many archetypes and stereotypes displayed in the movie. For example, how could two people fall in love with each other without scour seeing the faces of each other. Roopa keeps Rajeev in the dark about her facial disfigurement and he does not get to know about it until marriage. Also, woman here is again shown as a weak link of the society and men are portrayed to be the stronger half. Men can treat women the way they want to and women engage no right to complain whereas in todays society, women are given equal rights as compared to men. Men cannot misbehave with women as there are laws for it now. If a man kicks his wife out of his house, she can go court and the husband will be forced by law to pay her unspoilt expenses. Background Music &Sound Effects The background music and sound effects were very often dramatic and gave the movie a look of a complete love-tragedy movie. The background sounds of Rain and then the breach of Dam although not too re alistic, still added to the glamour of the movie. Music The music of this movie directed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal was, no doubt, the best music of that year. They won a Filmfare Award for the best music directors for this movie. The theme cry of the movie Satyam Shivam Sundaram, a song that has brought Truth, Destruction and Beauty together, a

Performance Review Takes a Page from Facebook Term Paper

exercise Review Takes a Page from Facebook - Term stem ExampleTheory dictates a set of universal needs from employees which are rather homogenous in many different cultures and nations. These needs include favorable belonging needs and receipt of esteem from others. Without establishing these motivational drivers for employees, it is likely they will not achieve the pinnacle of their talents and motivations to achieve business or strategic goals. mental home of regular communications that offer esteem will also build a sense of loving belonging that is necessary to achieve performance targets, as this lays the foundation for effective motivation. If the employee has a means of understanding, in real- duration, what their actual performance is, then there is no ambiguity within the organizational model. Employees like to baffle clarity and a sense of purpose or they are more apt to resist variegate. unwavering conversations, such as those provided by social networking software , would remove ambiguity. In most organizations that are dynamic and change is constantly present, it could alleviate some of the managerial responsibilities of having to perform yearbook or bi-annual reviews, giving them more time to establish the social systems needed to build human capital advantages against competition. Effectiveness of cordial Network Performance to Different Demographics For Generation Y, the social network performance would be ideal. Shaver (2010) identifies that most Generation Y workers demand to receive instant feedback about their performance in order to provide maximum prise to the organization. Gen Y workers like to maintain business positions in which leaders actively campaign the social environment (Shaver, 2010). This would seem to be an ideal medium for this group. Generation X workers tend to learn new technologies instantaneous than other groups. At the same time, they appreciate group flexibility and are adaptable in this demeanor (United Nations, 2009). Group affiliation is something that provides this group with more motivation, therefore social networking as a tool to promote the social condition would seem to have benefits for motivation and human capital development. Baby Boomers, when it comes to marketing and utilisation theories, tend to be more attracted to products and services that fit their own ethical and moral values. They are considered to be socially-conscious. Therefore, if this older generation of workers can successfully engage with social media, it would seem that the ethical and moral constructs of providing social networking opportunities would make them feel valuable as aligned with corporate social responsibility theory. Veterans are principally not comfortable with change practices. There is more chance that this group would reject social media specially if they are not engaged with it in their own personal lives. Veterans would not be ideal groups by which to establish this unless there w as preliminary training to ensure they understood these new technological systems. The Payoff of Social Network Tools That would be highly dependent on the level of motivation and dedication maintained by the individual to determine if there would be better performance through social networking opportunities. However, the process of establishing annual reviews often overwhelms the manager and involves multiple stakeholders in the process that can conflict time management or even reduce managerial effectiveness in other areas throughout the organization. Social networking software is not expensive, especially when

Summary of complexity and contradition in architecture Essay

Summary of complexity and contradition in architecture - Essay ExampleThis is because Venturis main leaning stated that natural rules to the entire architectural domain are able to be realized finished rational thinking (Venturi & Museum of Modern Art, 2007).Venturi uses political interest and debates that arose from the enlightenment of philosophers. Optimism is the greatest concern expressed by Venturiin this text claiming, Everything is for the best in all possible worlds. Therefore, despite all the hardships that Venturigoes through, he believes in Gods proclamation and trust in him sees his dream come accepted at the end. The communicatory nature is in a reductively simplified version of the philosophers whom Venturiwent to seek advice from when overwhelm about his true destiny. Even Venturiendures disappointment of his previous feelings about successfully overcoming the stress he was enduring. The architecture employed in Venturis argument was a vast asset for fostering the American intellect and administrating the state and republic. agree to Venturis argument, Monticello will be grounded on the limitless liberty of humanity. He also thought that a reasonable system of order administrated the natural world, and by applying scientific policies, mans condition could be greatly

How to build brand synergy among the integrated marketing Research Paper

How to build brand synergy among the integrated merchandise conference elements to deliver an effective and invariable message to consumers - Research Paper Example6). Protecting and promoting the brand in therefore very principal(prenominal). However, it set up be challenging given the relative ease with which it can be copied and the feral competition in an increasingly technologically sophisticated market place (Johnson and Myatt 2003, 749).Building brand synergy among the integrated marketing communication theory can be particularly tricky. This is because, today there is a wealth of media technology facilitating communications globally. For marketing managers the problem therefore turns on attempting to ensure brand integrity locally while simultaneously cultivating synergy globally (Aaker and Joachimsthaler 2009). This means ensuring that marketing brands must be coordinated among the integrated marketing communication elements in such a way as to deliver an effective an d consistent message to consumers.In marketing products the focus must be on ensuring that brands maintain the same quality in ground of substance and packaging. In the service industry, branding is attached to the business rather than the product (Berry 2000, p. 128). As brands feel the potential to clutter, confuse and crowd the market, building synergy is entirely important since there is an intense proliferation of products, brands and sub-brands in the market place (Aaker 2004, p. 6).Branding has entered a new phase in the international business environs and permeates local markets as a natural consequence. With the advances in modern technology particularly with respect to telecommunications fork out changed the way that businesses are required to coordinate brand promotion and protection. Moreover, competition is becoming increasingly fierce (Cravens, Piercy and Prentice 2000, 369). Businesses are therefore taking steps to become what is characterized as smart environment s (Raman and Naik 2006, p. 381). It is therefore important to study how the new

Gender Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Issues - Assignment ExampleThis reputation describes situational gender issues relating to differences in communication, problem-solving and leadership. In addition, the paper proposes the best practices and action plans to strengthen the behaviors of both men and women in the meltplace.It was at around 8 am on the day I observed an issue on gender at a renowned company. The manager had just walked in and his deposit, a precise cute, diminutive woman with dimples, was busy arranging files in the office. She had a backlog on her desk. Suddenly, I heard a slap and then yelling sound. I quickly rushed into the room. On arrival, I found the secretary lying on the floor holding her cheeks and crying out to the top of her division. I raised my voice to inquire what had conspired. The manager began talking to himself saying that the secretary had delayed his work, which was a deadline. He also claimed that the work was to determine his firing. On my investigation, I found out t hat the manager had some issues with his wife. The wife had relocated to her impudent apartment with another new boyfriend planning to engage in few months time. The situation was very daunting until the security officer walked in and took the manager away as everybody else waited for an ad hoc board encounter to discuss the way forward. On further investigation, I found the manager had tried many measure to seduce the secretary, but to no success. The situation clearly shows the differences in communication, solving problem and leadership among men and women.The styles of communication between women and men differ in many ways. Firstly, in times of a problem, women tend to talk to other women, unlike men who keep their problems to themselves or just see no reason for sharing personal issues. Secondly, women are relationship-oriented and always look for ways to connect with other women. nigh

A Tragedy that Resulted from the African Diaspora Research Paper

A Tragedy that Resulted from the African Diaspora - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the theory of African Diaspora resulted when the West Africans regained their traditional customs, and reformed their religion, language, and culture. However, they have not been able to regain that identity that they illogical in the buckle down trade. This loss of identity has made them suffer from racial discrimination since the time they were transported into the westbound hemisphere (Berkin et al. 2011). It was not planned, but was a natural course of action. The Diaspora has given rise to anti-black sentiments all around the globe. These sentiments are not only for African-the Statesns, but for all blacks anywhere in the world, including African, Caribbean, and otherwise dark people. there is an interesting history of a mish-mash of African identity in America. This paper tends to discuss the theory of ethnic materialism in relation to loss of identity in African Diaspora, and strives to a nswer the complex pass regarding how the African Diaspora has created an impact upon the African identity throughout history. The anthropological theory of cultural materialism has been presented by the iconoclastic anthropologist, Marvin Harris (1927-2001). Erickson and Murphy (2008, p.148) state in their book that, Cultural materialism addresses a central chore for scientific anthropology people can be both subjects and objects of scientific investigation. This means that people have the right field to think as they like, and say about them as they wish. Where the true knowledge resides, is answered by Harris in ii domains. One is psychic domain, and the other is behavioral domain. Mental domain is based on what people think, and the behavioral domain is based on what people actually do. The Diasporic sense of blackness relates to cultural materialism in that, the mental domain makes the Africans fight back for their lost identity, while the behavioral domain is based on how they behave in the society, and how the society understands their behavior. This behavioral domain is what has been the reason for labor market discrimination or racial discrimination that the African-Americans have been seeing through ages (Mason, as cited in Conrad, 2005, p.141). The dubiousness that arises now is- How the African Diaspora has affected the African identity throughout history? Thesis Africans lost their identities in the African Diaspora. Anti-thesis Africans regained their identities in the African Diaspora. Synthesis Although Africans have made struggles to regain their traditional customs, religion, and cultural practices in the new world, provided they have been unable to find their lost identities, due to which they have been subject to racial discrimination since the bondage trade till date. To start with, lets define who a slave is. A slave is a person who is owned by another person for labor, and who does not have an identity of his own. Does this expo sition mean that Africans should always be understood as objects of ridicule, not having identities of their own, and meant for slavery of white people? This question has yet not been answered even after the end of the period of slavery. Black people in America are yet supposed to suffer from discrimination and a loss of identity, in all physical, mental and social terms. Nothing has been done ever, or can be done, to make them reform their true identities with which they lived in their own homeland. Affirmative action policies and anti-racism actions cannot bring

Quantitative Research Theory Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Research Theory EssayThe purpose of the quantifiable rule is phthisisd when measuring the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen specimen and how it may be used in nursing practice. The numeric method is often followed by the qualitative method, used to observe further findings. Its nonsubjective is to appraise data and conclude results from sample populations of interest. Quantitative methods spotlight the importance on objective measures and numerical analysis of data equanimous through questionnaires, surveys, and/or surveys. This method of researching focuses on collecting numerical randomness and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Quantitative research is an objective, formal, rigorous, systematic affect for creating numerical data in regards to the serviceman. The quantitative method of conducting research is often used to describe brisk situations, events, or concepts and determine the effectiveness of trea tments in the world. There are four types of quantitative research methods such as descriptive research, correlation research, quasi-experimental research, and experimental research.Quantitative research is necessary in developing acquaintance vital for evidence-based nursing practices. Conducting quantitative research requires rigor and control. Rigorous research provides credibility and worth. When collecting data disciplined techniques much like on-street interviews, online questionnaires, or telephone interviews should be used. Sampling sizes typically keep when using larger numbers of cases representing populations of interest, randomly selected respondents. Findings of statistical data are conclusive and definitive typically descriptive in its nature. Things to keep in mind when utilizing the quantitative method and reporting the results of a study. An account of the statistical treatment and data pile up as relevant results are produced coinciding to the research step t o the fore under investigation. Chronologically log all unanticipated events that take place during the data collecting stage. pop the question an explanation of the techniques used to gather and present valid and credible data information. Select a adaptedstatistical procedure provide an account for the selected use and references for such.Describe assumptions for all research procedures and the efforts taken to interpret that they get tont been violated. If using presumed statistics, descriptive statistics should be provided, confidence intervals, and sample sizes for each variable to imply the value of test statistics, the direction, the significance level, and the gunpoints of freedom. When avoiding the use of inferring causality in particular non-randomized designs or without additional experimentation. The use of tables to provide exact value uses figures conveying global effects. In quantitative research, the objective is to determine the data link between two things, the independent and dependent variable in populations. Its designs are either descriptive or experimental. The descriptive design subjects are typically measured once, whereas experimental subjects are measured before and later treatment. The descriptive study creates associations only between variables. The experimental design, however, establishes causality.The main characteristics are to classify features, construct statistical models, and count them in an attempt to detail what has occurred and what is observed. The research deals in logic and the objective, numbers, focusing on logic, durable static data and detailed, convergent reasoning as oppose to divergent reasoning. Once data has been collected in the quantitative research method, decisions must be made on how the use of information gathered can be altered to offer recommendations. Individuals compare primary focuses on basic quantitative and qualitative methodologies qualitative methodologies investigate categories and themes of collected input, while quantitative methodologies confirm validity and reliability of the gathered statistics. The objective of this form of research is to populate gaps with knowledge. This nature of knowing is referenced often as ontology versus epistemology. Ontology is in regards to the worlds existence and in what form. Epistemology is simply described as how you know what you know. In ontological quantitative methods, an altered reality occurs in which it can be measured and appreciated to a certain degree of efficiency.In epistemology quantitative research, the process is through through objective observations and measurements. Methodology research is subjective to unhomogeneous ethical implications. Aside from the element of deception that is included, individuals involved in a controlled group mayhave a disadvantage when the outcome of treatment or interventions is unclear or believed to be underlying to be regimens. There are ethical considerations dependent o n the form of study. In example, if a study is done on evaluating the effectiveness of an epinephrine auto-injector. It would be unethical to withhold or deny interventions for individuals within the controlled group. The morality of methodology research demands careful assessments of the benefits and risks that may occur and that information is gathered and delivered to participants during the process of gathering informed consent.A generalized guideline is viewed as the degree of risk to be taken by those participating in the research should never exceed the potential humanitarian benefits of the knowledge to be gained. In conclusion, the quantitative method measures the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample. The quantitative method is sometimes followed by the qualitative research, which is used to observe further findings. The method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals .ReferenceBabbie, Earl R (2010). The Practice of Social Research. Retrieved fromhttp//libguides.usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009sid=615867 Glesne, C. (2006). Becoming qualitative researchers An admittance (3rd ed.). Retrieved fromhttp//www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=737387 Polit, D.F., Hungler, B.P. (1999) Nursing Research Principles and Methods (6th ed).Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott. Snap Surveys (2014). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research. Retrieved fromhttp//www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-research/

Decreasing Population of Bachelor of Secondary Education Essay Example for Free

Decreasing cosmos of unmarried man of utility(prenominal) precept EssayINTRODUCTIONAny star who chooses a teaching c beer in the Philippines moldiness hold a decimal point in instructor tuition. Teachers in populace and private elementary naturalises must slang at least a bachelors degree in elementary education. high school teachers argon expected to have a bachelors degree in subaltern education with specialization (a major and a minor) in high school subjects. Both degrees atomic number 18 awarded upon fortunate completion of approved teacher education eats in recognized institutions. Teaching in colleges or master degree planmes at the tertiary level requires at least a masters degree in a particular argona of specialization. But obviously, macrocosm of Bachelor of Secondary raising students were lessen ultimately.Beca utilize of these, quality of education in the Philippines depart likely face a crisis if the current trends in substitute magnitude col lege enrolment and increasing dropouts especially Bachelor of Secondary genteelness and Bachelor of Elementary Education will continue. There be several(prenominal) cistrons to consider why the people of Education students diminished. Due to continuing knowledge hikes, m whatever college students decided to take vocational courses. Recently, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National committee of the Philippines circulateed that approximately 22 percent overall student survivals from eldest to fourth Year College. And undeniably, teacher is a very stressful profession.Teacher engaged in actual classroom teaching that hand over not more than eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day, preparation and correction of exercises and another(prenominal) put to work incidental to his/her normal teaching duties. Secondary teachers shall be assigned to no more than sise daily forty-minute periods of instruction. For college, the norm al teaching load of a full-time instructor shall be eighteen hours a week. The teaching load of part-time instructors who be full-time employees outside of teaching shall not exceed xii hours per week. However, the average teachers salary at present is inadequate as source of livelihood. Teaching is a imposing profession companied by the fact that they have a lot of pressure responsibilities to mould peck in the society they belong.RELATED LITERATURETeaching is a profession whose rewards have the potential to be owing(p), further its challenges have the potential to be frustrating at the same time. Teachers have the opportunity to positively collision their students lives. Helping young people reach their potential is extremely rewarding. However, some students ar difficult to bond with, or have problems that interfere with their behavior and performance in the classroom.Aside from that, they also encounter difficulties in their work schedule, closely teachers arrive at sc hool premature, stay late or bring work home. Planning, grading, meetings, conferences and professional development must be accomplished in addition to the daily teaching of lessons. They are also a typical 10-month employee and are off when school is closed for holidays and vacations. However, teachers may have to agitate summer jobs to supplement their salaries (Sally Miller, 2005).All higher(prenominal) education institutions in all countries have experienced tightness between the demand to be specifically applicable to local of necessity and the desire to maintain themes and set of universal reference (Hargreaves, 1973). Basically in Bachelor of Secondary Education or in any other teaching/education courses. The management structure of primary teaching education is inadequately nonionized to take teacher education institute in accordance with the national development strategy. Rigidity and inefficiency in the schooling process allow from the absence of effective, central and complete planning(Dunkley, 1981).Because of this, teachers wanna be decrease extremely. According to Dr. Rupert Maclean(1988), there are some or so-valuable implications for the development of the system of teacher education in the arena such as (1) need to recognize that the pursuit of learning is a lifelong process, (2)an trial of the extent to which educational institutions should be autonomous, and the consideration of the social and economic cost and benefits involved when greater self-direction occurs, (3)the reform and expansion of teacher education as a vital step towards the rejuvenation of public education. On the other hand, A Unesco Publication, The Changing Role of the Teacher, states There was a time when the teachers constituents was to pass down to the younger generation the knowledge, experiences and mythology of a slow evolving society The pace of change in contemporary society has made his role redundant. The role of teacher must be, among other things, a change agent.It does not matter whether one is addressing the situation in a developing country or an industrialised nation, the problem remains the same. What are the new dimensions of his/her role, and how is the teacher to be trained to fulfil that role. In examining the changing role of the teacher we need to see the changes as being a response to, and an attempt to demonstrate the pressure of a society undergoing constant transition (Goble and Porter, 1977). For this statement, we can say that teachers play an important role in changing the education in the society.For example, in Malaysia, education is envisioned to serve two important functions (1)a means to get through national unity and (2) a vehicle for national development. Since 1964, English was slowly commute by Bahasa Malaysia, the argument being that a nation system of education using a normal medium of instruction, in addition to a common syllabus , will provide a fast(a) base for promoting national unity. Unfortunately, the policy has created inter-ethnic tension, in view of the fact that in Malaysia nigh 53% are Chinese and about 11% are Indian origin(S. Husin Ali, Chang Yii Tan, Tan Boon Kean, 1987).Teacher is responsible in al or so every job in the society especially when we are talking about the early of every student they handle in primary, secondary and tertiary level. Focusing in higher education, concord to Trow(1938132) higher education itself a stratified system of institution, graded formally or informally in status and prestige, in wealth, power and influence of various physique.Moreover, teacher in the Philippines had its beginning as early as Spanish period. Teacher education programs have always been dictated by the urgent needs of the time, Before 1950, there were only a few state colleges offering a teacher education program. However, when the Department of Education reported the gravity of the problem of undersupply of professionally qualified teachers, enrolm ent in teacher education registered slowly upward.To encourage more schools to offer teacher education courses, requirements for opening normal schools and college were relaxed(Carson, 1978). Furthermore, most countries in the region of Asia recognize the crucial importance of pre-service education for teachers. For instance, the 1986 National Policy on Education states that no people can rise above the level of its teachers (de la Cruz, Leandro, 1988).Lastly, most important depict of quality in an education system is to be found in the quality of the pupils/students produced. The problem, however, is to arrive at satisfactory indicators which will show that better quality education has been achieve (Adams, 1988).Accordingly, much discussion in quality and standards will show in this interrogation. And also this study will attempt to show what was authentically the factors we can consider in the change in population of education students. For future studies, it will be necessary to analyze different data that related in the given topic. This research will have the great contri plainlyion in people awareness especially students on what are the trends in higher education.METHODOLOGYIn order to gain reading, the detective conducted an interview with the major(postnominal) high teacher including Mrs. Carol Isidro (Filipino II), Mrs. Crisamie Mendieta(Physics), Mrs. Laudato (Filipino II), Mrs. genus Musa (English I) and university instructors namely Ms. Michelle Zuniga (ITEC), Ms. Rona Feranil (Math), Ms. Jeneth Menil (P.E. and English), Mrs. Cherry Rose S. Uminga (Biology), Mrs. Grace Balingit ( Campus Asst. Librarian). It was made on March 3-5, 2010 at the Carmona National senior high and Cavite State University- Carmona Campus.The researchers were able to perform an interview through the use of interview sheet/form/guide which the data currently record. They also used a pen to write every single entropy that the interviewee provide.During the pre-inter view stage, the researchers put all the possible caputs in a sheet of paper and improve it through the use of Microsoft word 2003. They also used Xerox machine to multiply the number of interview form/ guide. At the interview proper(a), the researchers used English language as the mode of communication. They apply formal way of concourse the point of views of the target population.And at the post interview stage, the researcher combined all beliefs that the examine population had provide. Some of the information they were able to gather play an important role in interpreting the different ideas in understanding the cause of the issue of decreasing population of Bachelor of Secondary Education.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn pre-Spanish times, education was informal, unstructured, and devoid of methods. Children were provided more vocational training and less academics by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors. major changes in education system happened during the Spanish col onization. The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries. Education was religion-oriented. It was for the elite, especially in the early classs of Spanish colonization. But education during that period was inadequate, suppressed, and controlled.According to a new report of Commission on Higher Education (CHED), that the number of tertiary population in schoolyear 2002-2003 was 1.87 gazillion compared to 2.4 million in 1994-1995. It cites however that general population of college students in the universities without classifying the program they belong was decrease incredibly.Even though there have not been any formal studies and analysis about this subject, there are several people and organization that will contribute in the explanation of the issue. According to Raymond Palatino, vice president of Anak ng Bayan (nations youth), college students who can no longer afford to study a four year course are planning to shift in other program usually vocational just to ach ieve their dream of earning a college diploma.In the lowering economic status of the Philippines, teachers play an important role in molding a future to a better one. Bachelor of Secondary Education program and legion(predicate) other teaching-related program students will likely face a doubt in pursuing their profession. They are more responsible in all aspects of an economy rather than any other job. Thus, they have great mission in everyones life.The purpose of this research is to provide consciousness towards the current issue of change magnitude number of college students specifically Bachelor of Secondary Education students. Knowledge about this topic would make people aware in possibilities and rationalitys behind education status of a country.Concerning the standard of education in the Philippines, in June 2009 the president of the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines (FAAP) cited the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) notice a continuing ance stry in the quality of education in this country. He said this was due to four main factors a) mismanagement of the educational system, b) not investing wisely in education, c) lack of management competencies, d) systemic corruption.Another earth why the Philippines is not a major supplier of tertiary education for overseas students in the region is because some instructors and professors in SUCs (state universities and colleges) be deficient in several abilities in professional teaching. These mandated subjects hold the life and works of Filipino national hero Dr Jose Rizal, three subjects of Filipino language, and basic mathematics, science, and Filipino pagan subjects more appropriate for senior high school than for tertiary level.Also in order for the researcher to have primary information about the certain matter, they conducted an interview and look some documents that will tell the population of Bachelor of Secondary Education students in Cavite State University and Carm ona National senior high school located at the community of Carmona, Cavite.The basic purpose of the interview was to gather different opinions and personal point of views of the people which mainly related to the issue and the aim of the documents was to show relation of different information. The mode of communication during the interview proper is in English language in order to show formality and may give passing appropriate information. The prepared suspense in the interview guide/form was commonly as regards to the behavior, characteristics and tycoon of the sample population.From the school documents of Cavite State University, the researcher was able to identify the number of Bachelor of Secondary Education during first and second semester since 2002 at given university. As a follow up to this information, the Graph 1 shows the overall population of the enrollees of BSE program.Figure 1 Graph of enrolled students in BSE program at CvSU Carmona Campus, (Mrs. Mojica, Campu s Registrar)As can be seen by the graph, the population of Bachelor of Secondary Education was inconsistent. At school year 2002-2003, during first semester of given year, the recorded population was 22 enrollees. At the latter part or in second semester, the population increased by 26.The population through that year (2002-2003) was said to be slightly increased. At first semester of 2003-2004, the enrollees were 84, and at the second semester in decreased by 76. At the first semester of 2004-2005, the documented enrollees increased by 119, and at the second semester, the enrollees extremely increased by 124. The inconsistency of the population appears at the middle of the year between 2002 to 2007.During the first semester, the population of Bachelor of Secondary Education at year 2005-2006 was 132 and at the second semester it declines to 121. At reach of 2006, the population on that particular campus noticeably decreases. The year 2006-2007, first semester, the enrollees was 110 , it decrease to 104.And at the following year (2007-2008), the BSE students was consisted of 86 (first semester) and 93(second semester). At 2008-2009, the BSE program students got their smallest population at only 71 during first semester and 66 at second semester. Fortunately, it survives and reaches 84 enrollees at first semester of the year 2009-2010 and at second semester it decreased to 71.The population in that particular campus was the number of Bachelor of Secondary Education students in all year levels. The researchers also gather information from the teachers of Carmona National Highschool and instructors of Cavite State University-Carmona Campus through interview. From 5 sample population that the researchers were able to interview, such results only shows that people are aware in the tertiary level issue especially in teaching program.The first question at the interview guide was the reasons why did they choose Education program as their profession. From 5 interviewees 2 of them answered that thats their parents choice. Also 2 of them proclaimed as their passion at the rest one said that its their childhood dream.The result of first question shows that variation in reasons on choosing their program occurs. There are several aspects in choosing a program. It may be the behavior of a students or the behavior of the people around them.Another question although too broad to discuss what are the factors to consider in choosing a program? According to the observation of teachers/instructors there are too many factors they consider in entering the field of teaching. It can be the (1)parents choice, (2)job demand, (3)stability or security of the future job, (4) berth of the school, (5)availability of the school, (6)scholarship offered, (7) line of interest, passion, personal choice or childhood dream (8) affordability or in financial matters, (9)relatives or friends influence.Another question answered by the interviewee, What did you notice in the popu lation of Bachelor of Secondary Education like a shot? tested the attentiveness of the respondents. The result was interesting because majority showed that they see population of BSE students was said to be decreased. Only 1 of them, out of 5 answered that it increased.In order for the researcher to identify point of views of the sample population about the factors that affect the decreasing population of BSE students, they admit it in their interview guide. The results of the question give ideas about the aspects which is much related in a given topic. The main factors given by the teacher/instructors were (1) financial, (2) job demand, (3) unable to reach the standard, (4) majorship offered in the universities, (5) stressful, (6) issues or bad images of the teachers nowadays, (7) salary, and (8) chance to go abroad. The result of this question provides an appropriate answer about the certain topic.Although no longer the main component of this research, most of the target populat ion that researchers able to interview has smaller number of colleagues whom they really want to be a teacher. According to Ms. Jeneth Menil (Engl and P.E. teacher in CvSU), and Ms. Tita Salamatin (English instructor in CvSU) approximately 10 % of her overall classmates in highschool really wants to be a teacher. And base on the observation Ms. Michelle Zuniga (ITEC teacher in CvSU) there are only 5 % wishes to be a teacher. Mrs Crisamie Mendieta (Physics teacher in CNHS) proclaimed that 2 out of 40 of her secondary classmates has a passion of teaching.While Mrs. Musa (English teacher in CNHS) notified that there are about 20 % of her highschool colleagues would like to be an educator. Fortunately, according to them, most of their highschool classmates including the teachers/instructors they interviewed whom wants to be a teacher pursued what they really want to be. Luckily, after several years of studying in teahing profession most of them succeed to be a teacher. But during their stage of studying in college, their college colleagues their population inside the campus as the Bachelor of Secondary Education students, their population said to be diminished as they reach their senior year.They give possible reason on why this condition occurs. The target interviewee told so that money is one of the greatest possible reasons for that. Some of their classmates choose the more convenient, time-saving courses such as vocational courses. Another reason was some of their colleagues realized that it is not their line of interest or their passion. According to Mrs. Mendieta others would like to take medicinal drug/nursing for they think that it is in demand abroad.Lastly, the researcher confirmed that the population of Bachelor of Secondary Education decline after several years of establishing a teaching related field. They also give an idea about several factors on why this circumstance triggers.CONCLUSIONThe researchers prove that the population of students taking u p of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) is decreasing due to the different reasons. The researchers also conclude that there are several factors that really affect on students in order for them not to choose teaching programs. Those factors include (1) financial, (2) job demand, (3) unable to reach the standard, (4) majorship offered in the universities, (5) stressful, (6) issues or bad images of the teachers nowadays, (7) salary, and (8) chance to go abroad.Each factor was perceived by the target population which consists of highschool teachers and university instructors. This research show that aside from giving readers an idea about the condition in terms of population of the tertiary level students specifically Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) program, it also provide awareness about the factors that affect in this phenomenon.Although not really a main part of the research, the researchers subdued provide information about the vast majority of teachers interviewed indic ate that they are satisfied with their jobs, but there are problems. While teachers salaries have improved, many teachers believe that their pay is still inadequate. Local conditions have a major impact on teacher satisfaction. On the teachers wish identify for job improvement are lighter workloads, more parental support, fewer discipline problems, and greater governing body support.Students at tertiary level have a freedom to choose what program they were able take, but researchers tries to identify the major causes, effects, and explanation in the current trends in the society. They also supply needed information and data in order to understand what really the topic is. Recommendations, suggestions, clarifications and point of views by different kind of people combined in only one research paper and organize it according to purpose.This research aims to promote the Bachelor of Secondary Education program and it also intends to increase the number of enrollees to certain program.

Spring Festival Gala Essay Example for Free

parachute fiesta Gala EssayA Comparative Study of the CCTV beginning festival Galas, 1984-86 and 2004-06 Xiaoyan Xu Abstract The Spring feast, or Lunar New Year, is the most important festival in China. On every Lunar New Years Eve since 1983, the state-run China Central TV (CCTV), the only national TV station in China, has held a celebrating gala. This thesis attempts to examine the CCTV Spring Festival Galas as a case study of Chinas statist nationalism. The research questions of this thesis are what techniques and technologies vex the CCTV Spring Festival Galas used to take a leak a Chinese national space?How amaze the CCTV Spring Festival Galas describe the Chinese national space? And what changes have taken place in these techniques and technologies as well as in the descriptions? To answer these questions, this thesis conducts a comparative research, comparing both the commonalities and differences in the midst of the galas of 1984-86 and those of 2004-06. Employi ng an interpretative textual analysis approach, it analyzes the videos of these six years galas and explores the political meanings of words and programs in the galas.This thesis finds that in order to imagine a united Chinese national space, the galas mainly represent China in terms of classes, ethnic groups and places. With the presence of minorities and people from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, the galas focus on the boundary of the Chinese nation to construct the unity of China. Furthermore, in order to construct the greatness of this united Chinese national space, the galas use heroes and sites to play China. The presence of traditional elements helps create a temporal dimension of the Chinese national space.As a result of, and in response to, the socio- economic changes in the last two decades, the techniques and technologies used by the galas have changed. Besides the great changes in stage settings and technologies, the major changes in the techniques include in the 2004-06 galas, hosts play a much more important role in interpreting the political meanings of the programs and presenting the states jingoistic narrative to the audience, the Chinese Communist Party occupies a more central place in the galas, and folk increasingly means individual family instead of the country of China.Correspondingly, the way the galas treat singers, actors, and hosts from Hong Kong and Taiwan has also changed. Acknowledgements The historical three years have passed fast. At this moment, my heart is full of thanksgivings. I am e sparely refreshing to Dr. Timothy Luke, my perpetration chair, for his advising and helping me with revising this thesis for several times, as well as for his patience. Dr. Scott Nelson and Dr. Yannis Stivachtis, my committee members, for their support and suggestions on this thesis and future research. Dr.Christopher Clement, for his acceptance for my TA work and his kind flexibility for my office during my pregnancy. Dr. Ilja Luciak, Chai r, subdivision of Political Science, and Dr. Deborah Milly, former Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, for their great support. Pat, Kim, Melissa, and Karen, staff of the Department of Political Science, and Jenny and former(a) staff of the Graduate School, for their great help. God, for giving me life and abundant graces. My parents and other family members, for their love and encouragements.Examples of these studies are Guan Ling, Zhixing Guiji The Tracks of Knowledge and Actions (Beijing Beijing Radio College Press 2000) Xu Yingchun and Wang Ying, Dui kan chunjie wanhui chengwei xin minsu wenti de sikao Some Reflections on Watching the Spring Festival Galas Becoming New Customs, Shiting Zongheng On TV and Radio, No. 1 (2003) and Wang Xiaoyu, Chunjie lianhuan wanhui de zhaohuan jizhi The Calling Mechanism of the Spring Festival Galas, Meiti pipework Media Critique (Guangxi Shifan Daxue Chubanshe, 2005), Vol. 1, http//www. usc. cuhk. edu. hk/wk_wzdetail s. asp? id=4891. 22 is Wang Xiaoyus study. 34 Based on the concepts of TV community and bodied emory, Wang analyzes the barter mechanism that renders individuals to join the audience of the Spring Festival Galas every year. He argues that the high viewing- audience-rates of the CCTV Spring Festival Galas can be partly attributed to the TV community emerging in 1980sthat is, the phenomenon that many people realise together to watch the same TV programs. Wang argues that the CCTV Spring Festival Gala is cr take a new and special TV community. Many families gather to watch a TV program together, along with eating the reunion dinner. What is more, peoples discussions on the CCTV Spring Festival Galas afterwards make the galas a collective

Ecological Theory and Beautification Essay Example for Free

bionomical Theory and Beautification EssayThe bionomical scheme in criminology maintains that the physical environment where people be determined influences certain pitying ways. The scheme has its scientific receiptss and disadvantages when compared to the process of beautification, which is the process of visually improving a metropolis or town specifically one that is situated in an urban area.For the most part, the assertions of the ecological supposition are non signifi nettly dependent on the dominant ethnic group living in a particular area, thereby suggesting that the findings of the theory do not depend on subjective pitying relations but rather on the physical environment where they are located. It has a scientific advantage in the sense that it avoids the problems brought about by the relative circumstances of exactly who are living at heart the area. On the early(a) hand, its disadvantage is that its findings tall offense rates with respect to social d isorganizationcan fluctuate among being a cause or an marrow.In a sense, high criminal offense rates can result to social disorganization and, similarly, social disorganization can lead to high crime rates. Relying on the physical environment in interpreting human behaviors is also problematic because doing so does not explain why some people in such areas commit certain crimes season others in the same areas do not. Beautification, however, is a relatively more stable theory than the ecological theory because, for example, urban beautification schemes through evictions are meant to address high crime rates and not the other course around.The ecological theory puts great emphasis on the fact of living within certain orders in an area as a primary reason for certain rates of crime. An earlier study conducted by Shaw and McKay (2006) in 1942 suggests that the Zone 2 of an area contain more crime rates than any of the other zones primarily because this zone does not have a settl ed community to begin with which, in effect, prevents the institutionalization of go moral guidelines.In effect, the study in particular and the theory in general indicate that, irrespective of those who settled in any of these zones, the behavior of the settlers as well as the rate of crime entrust have to depend on the corresponding zones. This argument is particularly interesting because it leaves the interpretation of human behavior on the physical environment instead on the people under study. According to Lowman (1986), there is the inclination to make unjust selections in using criminological theory in developing geographic perspectives on crime (p.81). If that is the case, ecological theory as applied to criminology faces the greatest disadvantagethe disadvantage of arriving at prepossess results. Worse, the distinction between the causes and the effects of criminal activities whitethorn become blurred due to the tendency to not become objective. High crime rate can beco me a flexible factor, becoming a cause on one hand with social disorganization as its effect and becoming an effect on one hand with social disorganization as its cause on another(prenominal).In fact, a separate study finds that there is no necessary connection between social class and crime and that more is yet to be understood in these two distinct concepts (Tittle, 1983). From the perspective of ecological theory, areas are divided into zones and these zones are occupied by more or less the same people in terms of social class, hence social stratification in the physical environment.If there is no unmingled connection between social class and the types of crimes committed by people in any of the preponderant social classes, there remains the difficulty of further asserting that there is an apparent link between the physical environment and the rate of crimes in the different zones. Thus, the main disadvantage of using ecological theory in interpreting human behavior within the confines of certain zones is that it uses a shaky foundation. to a greater extent specifically, the theory does not address the inconsistencies between those who commit certain crimes within a specific zone from those who do not commit any crime at all.The main question is why do some people in Zone 2 commit theft, for instance, while some others do not? It appears that the physical environment does not hold a firm event to the task of explaining human behavior. Nevertheless, another study reaffirms the assertion of the ecological theory. In a study conducted by Tita, Cohen and Engberg (2005), it was found out that puny gangs operate within select areas especially in urban slum locations, suggesting that in some cases the ecological theory may hold true.In order to address the problem, it may be argued that urban beautification be taken into consideration such as demolishing structures in slum areas and replacing them with visually attractive structures. The advantage of adopting this measure is that it can literally remove the physical environment where these small gangs thrive. As a result, a portion of the area is altered and cleansed, in a manner of speaking, which is a faster solution than the possible solutions that can be taken from the ecological theory.A disadvantage of applying the ecological theory in providing a solution to the problem of small gangs is that it requires sufficient time and firm policies. For instance, the ecological theory may suggest that the income in these slum areas should be raised through specialized government programs and the law enforcement be made more stringent. While the solutions taken from the ecological theory are certainly needed, they call for unplayful implementation and consistent follow-up on their development. On the other hand, the disadvantage of adopting the beautification solution through eviction is that it raises ethical concerns.It is a quick fix that carries several moral consequences, chief of them humanitarian reasons. Both the ecological theory and the process of beautification have their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. The challenge is not to find which one is generally burst than the other but to determine which one applies best to a particular instance. Certain objections may be raised against either approaches, but they nevertheless remain significant methods in understanding certain types of human behavior such as criminal activities.ReferencesLowman, J. (1986). Conceptual Issues in the geographics of Crime Toward a Geography of Social Control. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 76(1), 81-94. Shaw, C. R. , McKay, H. D. (2006). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas A Study of grade of Delinquents in Relation to Differential Characteristics of Local Communities in American Cities. Oxfordshire Taylor Francis. Tita, G. E. , Cohen, J. , Engberg, J. (2005). An Ecological Study of the Location of clique Set Space. Social Problems, 52(2), 272-29 9. Tittle, C. R. (1983). Social Class and Criminal Behavior A Critique of the theoretical Foundation. Social Forces, 62(2), 334-358.

Air Pollution Essay Example for Free

aura Pollution EssayAir Pollution is another(prenominal) major problem that is yet to be solved. The business line is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases. We as humans depend on the carriage around us to live, without it we would die. Although we rely on this as an essential source for living, it is still be and polluted with chemicals. Pollution of the atmosphere and the propagate around us is atmospheric state contaminant, and this is becoming more normal ein truthday. thither atomic number 18 several main types of air befoulment that include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. The types are extremely harmful to the environment and could result in serious prostitute. in that respect are umpteen causes of air contamination and there are many to blame. The first type of air pollution is smog. The script smog came from a newspaper article almost 50 years ago. The word is slang for heap and fog, and that is indee d what smog is. Smog is a form of air pollution created by the photochemical reception with sunlight and the chemicals in the air, and than this deadly mixture is released into the atmosphere. An example of how fatal smog was in 1952 with the consequent, Londons killer smog. This incident demoteed in December of 1952, when a deadly wave of smog hit London killing tout ensemble(prenominal) over 10,000 people. Citizens walked through and through the streets with surgical masks on, waiting for a wind to raise and blow this terrible wave of pollution away. There wish came true on December 10, after almost a week of s get by and many injured and dead people. Smog alone is just as fatal and dangerous as the other forms of air pollution.The other major types of pollution are acid rain, greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. sexually transmitted disease Rain is any precipitation that has an abnormal acidic amount. Acid rain is formed when chemicals are released from places ilk cars and factories, these chemicals rise and mingle in the clouds, and than return to earth in the form of precipitation. The Greenhouse effect is another import issue in air pollution. The Greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat and energy referable to the gases that form a barrier in the atmosphere. The gases result let heat in but will not let all heat out. This is similar to what happens in a greenhouse. The ozone layeris too at great risk. In places like Antarctica the ozone layer is disappearing rapidly. Scientists have different theories about that, saying that it is payable to chemicals make on earth, the extreme temperature in Antarctica, and some believe it is a solar activity to blame. In any case it is obvious to see that the ozone layer is in danger.CAUSES AND SOLUTIONSThere are numerous causes to air pollution. There are two main causes of air pollution fuel burning in residential, commercial, and industrial places is one cause. The other cause is automobil es creating immense amounts of carbon monoxide and other toxic fuels.The burning of chemicals releases fumes in the air polluting the atmosphere. Large factories are at blame in this case due to their large amounts of chemicals fire and of their large smoke stack which pumps these fumes into the air. Inside many factories they burn fossil fuels, these fumes than are sent into the atmosphere, further contributing to the air pollution problemAnother major cause of air pollution is car fumes. Inside the engines of cars, fossil fuels are being burned, and than these vapors are omitted out through pipes in the car. The major chemical being pumped out of the car is carbon monoxide this is a very toxic material and can be fatal if enough is in taken. Diesel engines are too very toxic. These engines contain over 450 different chemicals and about 40 of the chemicals exhaust are considered toxic air contaminants by the State of California.Air Pollution also imposes the biggest threat of all our health. Our health is the most unusual thing to us and air pollution endangers this greatly. The people that are most vulnerable to the air pollution risk are young children, people with breathing problems, and elderly people. Short-term effects to air pollution include irritated eyes, nose, throat and upper respiratory system and other symptoms include headaches and nausea. Some hanker term effects of air pollution exposure are chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart diseases and damage to important organs such as the brain.Although there are many problems there is also a number of solutions.By completely eliminating the pollution would solve all these problems, so by doing little things we all can make a big difference. Since cars contribute a great deal to the air pollution problem, by using them less would lessen the problem. By not using things like Styrofoam, which are made in a factory that had to burn fossil fuels, you are also helping your community. To elimi nate pollution indoors always use clean and clear ventilation machines and filters. Lawmakers should also make more laws on air pollution and pass more bills pertaining to this subject.CONCLUSIONThere is many to blame when it comes to air pollution. There is the citizens who use cars (that give out carbon monoxide) and use material made in a factory. There are the factory owners, who let their factories run, although they know theyre polluting the air everyday. Than there is the government. Although the government is trying to stop it, they also contribute to the problem by not passing more laws about this situation. Everyone is at blame for the air pollution problem, but if we all work together we can fix our mistake and save the atmosphere.Air Pollution is an extremely serious matter that is not taken seriously. The future of the earth is in our transfer and we should treat this with respect. We have the opportunity to change our future, the opportunity to alter the way generatio ns live, we should treat this opportunity with care and kindness. We should be more aware of the things that are happening in the world and what we are doing when the car revs up and puff the smoke. As we drudge away in our cars, we are driving our future generations into a draw of trouble. Soon people will have to wear surgical masks when walking down the street. We cannot let this happen to our society We must be aware, prevent, and do it. We must be in action at all times trying to save the ozone layer and trying to stop smog from occurring in great masses. Lets drive away from air pollution and drive into a smog-free life

Case Study Healthcare Provider Essay Example for Free

look Study health disturbance Provider EssayScenarioA large, regional healthcare provider is developing a new, integrated wellness and prevention program (IWPP) for their patients. This involves developing an overarching strategy and aligning animated prevention capabilities. The lymph gland has employed Point B to facilitate the development of the plans strategy, conceptual design, and roadmap for initial implementation. expose how you would approach this effort.ApproachBroadly, the approach has three steps starting with the leadership squad and then benignant the entire musical arrangementI. Leadership Strategy Development and PlanII. presidency Engagement and Strategy amplificationIII. Initial ImplementationI. Leadership Strategy Development and PlanOnce the leadership participants are corroborate with the sponsor, facilitated workshops will be structured to shape the key deliverables business strategy, conceptual design and roadmap. Workshops will center onFinding a common understanding of what is a successful IWPP. This includes Identifying current challenges for the healthcare provider as a whole and specific to an IWPP Agreeing to the existing strengths overall but with a focus on existing prevention capabilities Understanding what has and has not worked in the past Defining a common IWPP resource and valuesDefining what capabilities are needed and how to pulsation a successful IWPP. Capabilities will shape the conceptual design and span such things as Technology Business processes Applications People/organization structure knowledge Geographic locationIdentifying the activities (immediate and future) to create a new IWPP. For example1Case Study Healthcare ProviderMay 20, 2014 People assessing the organizations culture and behaviours for integrative wellness, prevention and medical care Process redesign business processes to emphasis case management and cross organization collaboration per patient(s) or member(s) Technology data con version to a common rollout schedule for compliance standards across the network e.g. ICD 10Activity timing will determine when capabilities are in place to chart a roadmap of changes to the organization.II. Organization Engagement and Strategy RefinementThe second step is the most intensive and often the most lose when developing strategy. The leadership team will be required to engage the broader organization to test the strategy, conceptual design and roadmap. This requires cascading participation from management, team leaders and front-line staff. For a healthcare provider this is critical given the complexness and diversity of the network (complementary service providers, insurers, medical providers, members and patients).Input is as well required regarding how best to monitor progress, to measure outcomes and to continuously collect feedback once implementation isunderway. Step II has the following benefits Improve the leadership teams work by adding operational detail Creat e strategy awareness so the organizations day-to-day decision making better aligns with the strategic vision and intent. Start to foster self-command and champions for IWPP changesIII. Initial ImplementationThe third step focuses on identifying the activities that can be implemented first. Activities will be assessed by not only business value to achieve a new IWPP but also by other planning constraints such as the availability of people with the right skills, funding and interdependencies with existing project work. Step III also requires the establishment of implementation processes to monitor progress, to measure outcomes and to continually improve implementation methods based on feedback.

The Use of Light in Bill Henson and Caravaggios Work Essay Example for Free

The Use of Light in visiting card Henson and Caravaggios Work EssayThrough the mapping of catch fire, artists continue to receive a strong emotional chemical reaction from the audience. This is an essential element of an audiences perception of a induce it may determine whether the nontextual matter is perceived as happy or depressing, or even provides the difference between whether the work is golden and welcoming, or shocking and confronting. Artists have accustomd light for a long time to stimulate the emotions of the dish. ii artists that have consumptiond this technique are cadence Henson and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, or more simply know as just Caravaggio. Bill Henson is a contemporary Australian photographer, born in 1955, plot of ground Caravaggio was an Italian painter (1571 1610). When Hensons photographs are viewed through the subjective frame, they are looking to induce an emotional receipt from the viewer, while through the cultural frame, t hey are depicting the themes and issues of adolescence, isolation, the urban landscape and more. When Caravaggios work is as well viewed through these two frames, his paintings induce an emotional response from the viewer, and his work is culturally significant.His paintings are often depicting scenes from history, a recurring theme organism religious scenes from the bible. There is a correspondent key instrument used by both artists to reach their audience. This is their use of light. Both Bill Hensons and Caravaggios work intromits a similar dominant stylistic machination. This device is called chiaroscuro, which is an Italian term, meaning light-dark. It refers to the tonal contrasts used in art. Caravaggio was a pioneer of a style of painting called Tenebrism (literally translating to murky), in which a leading perspective was the dramatic lighting and prominent, heightened chiaroscuro.Caravaggios use of tenebrism brought a dramatic feel to the subjects, heightening the e motional ecstasy of the work. This intensity was then transferred to the viewers through the subjects of Caravaggios works. The subjects were most often realistic human figures, which make the work extremely easy to sympathise with. Caravaggio effectively portrayed emotion in his paintings, dramatising his figures and bringing a story into his work. This is why his art was so successful in reaching his audience and connecting him with the art world.This is a similar concept in Hensons work. Most of his subjects are human figures, assisting him in the representation of his ideas in a confronting, direct, and sometimes controversial way. The way that Henson achieves the same effect of chiaroscuro in his photographs as Caravaggio does in his paintings, is through his underexposure and adjustment in printing. Hensons work is powerful, creating an illusion of both a painting and a photograph through a combination of different techniques that make his work unique.The most prominent fea ture and device of Hensons work is his use of light. The majority of his work features dark tones and colours, sometimes slightly tinted with yellow, red or blue. The brighter portions of Hensons photographs and his use of light is tactically well controlled to uncover only crucial details. In some of his photographs, Henson juxtaposes the colourful yet mysterious, distant city lights through the use of bokkeh, with the underexposed, graphic tropes of the subject in the foreground. any(prenominal) examples of this in his work include several images from the Untitled 2000/01 series, such as the girl sitting, the girl that is evasiveness down, yet at the same time positioned so to look as if she is in flight, and another image of a girl lying on her stomach, Untitled 52. A combination of all of these devices is how Henson creates a liquid body substance for his photographs and opens his art to the world. He attracts the attention of audience and raises their awareness of a situation and his view of it, yet he still leaves his work open for interpretation and analysis.In a way, Hensons work is almost haunting. It allows the viewer to feel as if they are almost spy on the subjects of Hensons photographs. This is achieved by the way his photographs be to stare right past the viewer, carrying on with their actions. This forces the audience to consider whether these are really models or actors, or if they are real life, documented figures. This is seen in his photograph of the girl in Untitled 2000/01. Through the use of chilling tones and contrast, along with his use of bokkeh, Henson allows the viewer to interpret the image in several different ways.The soft, delicate blue tinge on the girls skin suggests an almost unhealthy and dirty look, while the blurred city lights in the background aid with the images sense of mystery. This feeling of spying on the subject is also seen in Hensons work Untitled 1994/95, as well as Untitled 1995/96 series where Hensons use of white space highlights the possibility of a eyehole or vantage point of sorts into the images environment. This is also a prime example of how Henson uses light to stimulate the emotions of the viewer.Surprisingly, during the time of their exhibition, Hensons works did not spark much controversy, despite the particularly mad subject of nude adolescent girls being exhibited in them. It was more recently, however, that a controversial issue was debated about(predicate) Hensons works, and a police investigation had even been issued, as well as Prime government minister Kevin Rudd commented on Hensons works, and referred to them as absolutely revolting, of no artistic merit and that Bill Henson was becoming a notorious household name.For Henson, this criticism was nothing out of the ordinary. It was the product of his works being open for turning interpretations from his audience. His works empower the audience to experience their own diverse selection of emotions, and these emot ions vary by interpretation. Caravaggios use of chiaroscuro was very unique. Artists had used it before him, but he was the one who perfected the technique and used it flawlessly throughout his works.Caravaggios work was emotionally provoking for audiences, as the fearsome contrast of shadow and light created a new feeling of passion in his paintings, mixed with tart reality. There is no doubt that Henson was influenced by Caravagesques and Tenebrists. Caravaggio was an expert in darkening the shadows in his work and sketch attention to the subject by placing them in a mesmerizing light. Some examples of his work where he did this include Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1598/99, as well as The Entombment of Christ, 1602/03.These are only two examples, but his use of chiaroscuro is seen throughout every one of his works. Not only did this technique fixate the attention of the viewer on the subject, it heightened their emotional response to the painting. All his paintings scream of, and were filled with, drama and emotion, and the key component of him achieving this was through his use of light, almost burning the image into the viewers brain. Both Bill Henson and Caravaggio are surprisingly similar in several ways. Both their works are realistically appealing, yet confronting.Henson creates painterly photographs, while Caravaggio successfully creates cinematic paintings. However, there is one particular thing that ties these two artists together and shows their similarity exceptionally well, and this is their lengthy use of light to set a mood to their work, and to evoke an emotional response from their audience. Work a great deal with evening effects, a lamp, a candle, etc. The tantalizing thing is not unendingly the source of light, but the effect of light. Edgar Degas.

Gender roles in language acquisition Essay Example for Free

Gender roles in style erudition EssayWe reprimand our daughters for universe bossy and praise our sons for showing such assertiveness. These were the senti employforcets expressed during Sheryl Sandburg book furtherance tour in early 2013. Mrs Sandberg is largely accepted as one of the most successful womanish businessperson in modern society. During her many an much or less other(prenominal) lectures and academic interviews she essentially cited her success as the upshot of going against the gender norm for wo manpower. Although specifically referring to the business existence, does Sheryl work a point? Are we reinforcing gender roles in the spoken communication we promote and discourold age our children to lend oneself?It is largely accepted across both linguistic and psychological science fields that girls develop their diction skill in understands, quantity, quality and range of vocabulary acquired at an former age and faster rate than their antheral counter parts. A very recent study by Rikard Bauman in 2010 (Stockholm University Press) explored vocabulary growth and language production in pre-school children. It is intimateed that at 22 months girls have a much extensive vocabulary than boys due to capacity differences however, at 34 months such a pattern can non be found. Furtherto a greater extent it is suggested that gender affects language production in the sense that male and egg-producing(prenominal) speakers will elect to produce delivery that be associated with their cultures definition of masculinity and femininity.The study on vocabulary growth is based on the assumption that TTR (type/token ratio) reflects vocabulary size and it proves that, at 22 months, girls have a to a greater extent extensive vocabulary than boys however, at 34 months such a pattern is less(prenominal) obvious, if any conclusion can be drawn it is that boys have a slightly larger vocabulary than girls. The study on language production is focus ed on verb production and it shows that boys andgirls prefer verbs that are associated with crude stereotypes of masculinity and femininity.It seems that these gender distinctions are not unique to the English language or the Western world as Found when examining the Nipponese language. according to Eleanor Harz Jorden, when learning language in Japan children learn that at that place are some words and some grammatical constructions that are associated explicitly with workforce or boys, succession others are associated with women or girls. such differences are sometimes called gendered language. In Nipponese, mother tongue patterns associated with women are referred to as onna kotoba (womens words) or joseigo , womens language).In general, the words and speech patterns associated with men are seen as rough, vulgar, or abrupt, sequence those associated with women are considered more(prenominal) civilized, more deferential, or softer. some(prenominal) linguists conside r the rough/soft continuum more accurate than the male/female continuum. For example, Eleanor Harz Jorden in Nipponese The Spoken terminology refers to the styles as blunt/gentle, rather than male/female. in that respect are no gender differences in written Japanese (except in quoted speech), and almost no differences in courteous speech (teineigo), since males take on softer speech, except for the fact that women may be more likely to use polite speech in the first place.The word onnarashii , which is usually translated as ladylike or feminine, refers to the behaviour expected of a typical Japanese woman. As well as behaving in particular ways, being onnarashii means conforming to particular styles of speech. Some of the features of womens speech include speaking in a higher register, using more polite forms and using polite speech or honorifics in more situations, and referring to themselves and those they address more formally. Some linguistic features commsolely associated with women include omission of the copula da, the use of in the flesh(predicate) pronouns such as watashi or atashi among others, use of feminine sentence-final particles such as wa, na no, kashira, and mashoo, and the more stalk use of the honorific prefixes o and go.According to Katsue Akiba Reynolds, ladylike speech is instrumental in keeping Japanese women in traditional roles and reflects Japanese societys concept of the difference between women and men.4 For example, there is the strength for conflict for women in the workplace in that, to be onnarashii, a woman must speak politely, submissively and humbly, yet to command respect as a pukka, she must be assertive, self-assured, and direct, even when dealing with male subordinates. Actual language used by Japanese-speaking women differs from these ideals. Such onnarashii speech is a norm that institutions such as education and media encourage women to adopt. Similarly, these forms may be prescribed for women learners by Jap anese textbooks and other materials.There are, however various deviations from these norms in conversation. Although Japanese women may not follow the gender norm in speech, some linguistic studies orient that Japanese women tend to use more honorific language than men do, which reinforces the idea of onnarashii and traditional gender roles.5 Traditional characteristics of Japanese mens speech editJust as there are modes of speaking and behaviour that are considered intrinsically feminine, there are also those that are considered intrinsically masculine. In speech, being otokorashii ( virile or masculine) means speaking in a lower register, using fewer polite forms and using them in fewer situations, and using intrinsically masculine words.Research on Japanese mens speech shows greater use of neutral forms, forms not strongly associated with masculine or feminine speech, than is seen in Japanese womens speech. Scholars argue that men use typically masculine forms to assert their ow n authority and knowledge of themselves. Some studies of conversation between Japanese men and women show neither gender taking a more dominant position in interaction. Men, however, tend to show a self-oriented conversation style, telling stories and expressing their expertise on topics being discussed, than is typical of women in these studies.Gender differences in modern society - As women gain an increase leadership role in Japanese society, notions of onnarashisa and otokorashisa, that is, what is deemed appropriate behaviour for men and women, have evolved over time. Although relatively more extreme movements call for the elimination of gender differences in the Japanese language (gender-neutral language), convergence in usage is considered unlikely and may not even be desirable. Instead, trends in actual usage indicate that women are feeling more comfortable using traditional characteristics of female speech (such as wa) while still maintaining an assertive attitude on par w ith men. In other words, there is a step-by-step decoupling of language forms and traditional cultural expectations.Although the characteristics of Japanese male speech have been largely unaffected, there has been an change magnitude sensitivity regarding certain usages (such as changing the terms used to refer to mature women -chan) that may be considered offensive. Regional dialect may often play a role in the demonstration and scholarship masculinity or femininity of speech in Japanese. Another recent phenomenon influencing established femininity in speech is the popularity of Okama, very feminine men as popular Geinoujin (television personalities). While homosexuality and transgenderism is still a fairly taboo subject in Japan, lesbians with male traits, or cross-dressers, are referred to as onabe or tachi. Problems for Japanese learners editWithout the proper instruction by fluent Japanese speakers and/or teachers, non- primeval persons risk learning and expressing themselv es inappropriately to native Japanese. Compounding the difficulty of language acquisition, formal instruction may emphasise learning the polite forms of expression (that favour female students) while glossing over informal expression (that favour male students) and honorifics (distinguishes natives from foreigners).It is important for non-natives to be instructed by members of the same sex or be aware that mere mimicry may not have the expected results. In addition to the use of pronouns to refer to oneself and others, the use of titles also is strongly influenced by gender-based overtones and is another source of potential problems for the non-native speaker. The situation is further complicated by regional variation. For example, in many regions of Japan it is common for older men to refer to themselves as boku or older women to refer to themselves as ore.How does this relate to language spoken in the Western world? Opinion is, as is often the case, divided.AGAINST1) other major(i p) influencesMahsa Saligheh Revisiting Age and GenderInfluence in Second Language Acquisition 2012 states, There is no doubt that language acquisition bring is a abstruse process which involves several factors, and that this process is highly influenced due to plasticity of the brain. Furthermore, the types of memory systems involved in females and males are also have a pivotal role that rats the genders distinct. The researchers claim, age and gender, are among the factors that run in parallel with other factors that deeply influence language acquisition process such as motivation, personality, styles, strategies, gender and age.The present study attempts to investigate the last two factors age and gender. stipulation the importance placed on the role on age and gender, the researchers hold off they are not the requirement conditions for second language acquisition. However, the writers claim that genetically there are some benefits that can be reaped for those who unhorse L2 acquisition early. Furthermore, both males and females are equipped with some predetermined tendencies that would be helpful for them to acquire some aspects of language much faster and easier.2) biological basisMar. 5, 2008 Although researchers have long agreed that girls have superior language abilities than boys, until now no one has clearly provided a biological basis that may greenback for their differences.For the first time and in unambiguous findings researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Haifa show both that, areas of the brain associated with language work harder in girls than in boys during language tasks, and that boys and girls rely on different parts of the brain when performing these tasks. Our findings which suggest that language processing is more sensory(a) in boys and more abstract in girls could have major implications for teaching children and even provide support for advocates of single sex classrooms, said Douglas D. Burman, res earch associate in Northwesterns Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication SciencesThe researchers measured brain activity (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 31 boys and in 31 girls aged 9 to 15 as they performed spelling and writing language tasks. The tasks were delivered in two sensory modalities visual and audile. When visually presented, the children read certain words without hearing them. Presented in an auditory mode, they heard words aloud but did not see them. Using a complex statistical model, Burman and Pepper accounted for differences associated with age, gender, type of linguistic judgment, performance accuracy and the method (written or spoken) in which words were presented. The researchers found that girls still showed significantly greater activation in language areas of the brain than boys.The information in the tasks got through to girls language areas of the brain (areas associated with abstract thinking through language). And their p erformance accuracy correlated with the distributor point of activation in some of these language areas. To their astonishment, however, this was not the case for boys. Boys accurate performance when reading words depended on how hard visual areas of the brain worked. In hearing words, boys performance depended on how hard auditory areas of the brain worked. If that pattern extends to language processing that occurs in the classroom, it could inform teaching and testing methods.Given boys sensory approach, boys might be more effectively evaluated on knowledge gained from lectures via oral tests and on knowledge gained by reading via written tests. For girls, whose language processing go forths more abstract in approach, these different testing methods would appear unnecessary. One possibility is that boys have some kind of bottleneck in their sensory processes that can hold up visual or auditory information and keep it from being fed into the language areas of the brain, Burman sa id.This could result only if from girls developing faster than boys, in which case the differences between the sexes might disappear by adulthood. Or, an secondary explanation is that boys create visual and auditory associations such that meanings associated with a word are brought to mind simply from seeing or hearing the word. While the second explanation puts males at a disadvantage in more abstract language function, those kinds of sensory associations may have provided an evolutionary advantage for primitive men whose survival required them to quickly recognise danger-associated sights and sounds.If the pattern of females relying on an abstract language network and of males relying on sensory areas of the brain extends into adulthood (a still unresolved question) it could explain why women often provide more context and abstract representation than men. Ask a woman for directions and you may hear something like puzzle out left on Main Street, go one block past the drug store , and then criminal right, where theres a flower shop on one corner and a cafe across the street. Such information-laden directions may be helpful for women because all information is relevant to the abstract concept of where to turn however, men may require only one cue and be distracted by additional information. terminusAlongside most if not all empirical and theoretical evidence involving human beings it is impossible to make concrete and definite conclusions. Having extrapolated the information the most obvious conclusion can only deduceIs this only evident in childhood, does the distinction disappear by adulthood or was Sandberg right in stating that the course of study in language between the sexes continues through life.ReferencesBurman is primary author of Sex Differences in Neural bear upon of Language Among Children. Co-authored by James R. Booth (Northwestern University) and Tali Bitan (University of Haifa).Jorden, Eleanor Harz Noda, Mari (1987). Japanese The Spoken L anguage. New Haven Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03834-7.Siegal, Meryl Okamoto, Shigeko (2003). Toward reconceptualizing the teaching and learning of gendered speech styles in Japanese as a Foreign Language. Japanese Language and Literature 37 (1) 4966. Retrieved 2013-4-26.Kazuko, Ashizawa (1998). Mangajins Basic Japanese Through Comics.Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-0452-2.Reynolds, Katsue Akiba (1990). Female Speakers of Japanese in Transition. Aspects of Japanese Womens Language (Tokyo Kurosio).Tanaka, Lidia (2004). Gender, Language and Culture A Study of Japanese Television Interview Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-3079-9.Sreetharan, Cindi Sturtz (2004). Students, sarariiman (pl.), and seniors Japanese mens use of manly speech register. Language in Society 33 (01). doi10.1017/S0047404504031045. ISSN 0047-4045. Itakura, Hiroko Tsui, Amy B. M. (2004). Gender and conversational dominance in Japanese conversation. Language in Society 33 (02). doi10.1017/S0047 404504332033. ISSN 0047-4045.